Constructing Corruption: Narratives of Panchayat Justice under British Rule During the Early Nineteenth Century

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Metals Production Requirements for Rapid Photovoltaics Deployment

If global photovoltaics (PV) deployment grows rapidly, the required input materials need to be supplied at an increasing rate. In this paper, we quantify the effect of PV deployment levels on the scale of metals production. For example, we find that if cadmium telluride {copper indium gallium diselenide} PV accounts for more than 3% {10%} of electricity generation by 2030, the required growth rates for the production of indium and tellurium would exceed historically-observed production growth rates for a large set of metals. In contrast, even if crystalline silicon PV supplies all electricity in 2030, the required silicon production growth rate would fall within the historical range. More generally, this paper highlights possible constraints to the rate of scaling up metals production for some PV technologies, and outlines an approach to assessing projected metals growth requirements against an ensemble of past growth rates from across the metals production sector. The framework developed in this paper may be useful for evaluating the scalability of a wide range of materials and devices, to inform technology development in the laboratory, as well as public and private research investment

Utility of Fine Resolution Land Cover Data for Modeling Northern Bobwhite Abundance in the Oaks and Prairies of Oklahoma

Management of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) requires landscape-level planning to promote sustainable populations. Limitations in time and resources necessitate the use of large geographic datasets to efficiently evaluate habitat suitability across landscapes. Many such datasets, however, are limited by a lack of detailed and current information relevant to regional management efforts. To meet this need, regional partners recently released the Oklahoma Ecological Systems Mapping (OESM) product, which offers high spatial and thematic resolution vegetation data, current to 2015. We evaluated the utility of the new OESM product for modelling abundance of northern bobwhite and other grassland birds, relating percent cover types to bird survey data from the Oaks and Prairies Joint Venture. Using an information-theoretic approach (AIC), we compared the performance of OESM to the more widely known National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD). The OESM data provided information on 20 land cover types at 10-m resolution compared 7 types and 30-m resolution for NLCD. We conducted a total of 2,367 individual counts for breeding birds from May–July, 2014–2016, across 10 counties in the Oklahoma Oaks and Prairies ecoregion. We used generalized linear mixed models to control for random effects of year and AICc to evaluate model performance. OESM models vastly outperformed NLCD for 6/7 species (AIC weights \u3e0.99). Northern bobwhite was the only species where NLCD was the highest performing model. These results suggest that, in contrast to other grassland species, added levels of habitat complexity do not inform our ability to model local bobwhite abundance

The Nucleon ``Tensor Charges'' and the Skyrme Model

The lowest moment of the twist-two, chiral-odd parton distribution $h_1(x)$ of the nucleon can be related to the so-called ``tensor charges'' of the nucleon. We consider the tensor charges in the Skyrme model, and find that in the large-$N_c$, SU(3)-symmetric limit, the model predicts that the octet isosinglet tensor charge, $g^8_T$, is of order $1/N_c$ with respect to the octet isovector tensor charge, $g^3_T$. The predicted $F/D$ ratio is then 1/3, in the large-$N_c$ limit. These predictions coincide with the Skyrme model predictions for the octet ${\it axial}$ charges, $g^8_A$ and $g^3_A$. (The prediction $F/D=1/3$ for the axial charges differs from the commonly quoted prediction of 5/9, which is based on an inconsistent treatment of the large-$N_c$ limit.) The model also predicts that the singlet tensor charge, $g^0_T$, is of order $1/N_c$ with respect to $g^3_T$.Comment: 9 single-spaced pages, no figures, MIT-CTP-212

Reflections on 30 Years of AIDS

TOC summary: Although the end of the epidemic is not yet in sight, the remarkable response has improved health around the world